ac-/ak-: sharp, to rise out to a point, pierce. acid, acerbic, acerbity, acescent, acetic, acrid, acridity, acrimony, vinegar: sharp flavors. acuity, acute, accuracy, accurate, acicular, acupressure: small piercing point, sting. aculeate, acumen, acute, acuity: smart, sharp minds/words. exacerbate, exacerbation: to worsen.
oxy-: to sharp, pungent, same origin with ‘ak-‘. oxygen, oxide.
ama-: to love, to be in love with, find pleasure in. amorous, enamored, polyamorous, amateur: love, loving. amalgamate, amalgamation: to unite and combine.
brachio-: arm, the upper arms, the length measured by two arms. brace: armor for the upper arms $\rightarrow$ clothes/hold up bracelet, embrace, vambrace, brassiere: arm and chest. brev-: short brevity, brief, briefcase, abbreviation, abridge, breviary: short article, shorten. brume, brumal: shortest daylight, winter, bleak. [mregh-u-](https://www.etymonline.com/word/mregh-u-)
cili-: eyelid cilia, supercilious
cla-: from *kele, to shout. claim, acclaim, disclaim, claim, exclaim, proclaim, reclaim: shout out to inform sth. clamor, call, clarify, clarity, clear, declare
cur-: from ‘kers-‘, to run. car, career, cargo, carry, carriage, carry, charabanc, chariot: transportation. cursory, cursor, cursive, excursion, courier, charge, discharge: to run, to rush, to move. current, currency, curriculum, concurrent, course, discourse, intercourse, recourse, precursor: time, process. concur, incur, occur, recur, recourse, concur: happen, arrive.
err-: wandering, to go astray and lost, make mistake, transgress errant, aberrant, aberration, erratic: wandering, moving, transgress, not steady. error, erroneous, inerrable, inerrant: making mistakes ire: angry, related with ‘-irri-‘.
gra, gre: favor, support, agreeable agree, agreeable, congratulate, congratulation: to favor, to support grace, graceful, ingratiate, ingratiating, gratify, gratuity, gratuitous: pleasant, charming gra, gri: weight gravity, grave: heavy weight. grieve, grief, aggrieve: heavy, low in mood. *gwere
lec-/leg-: to collect, gather; to speak; to pick words, pick out. legion, legacy, collection, analogue, analogy, analogous, Lego, colleague, neglect, catalogue, college, sacrilege: gather, collect. legend, legible, legibility, lecture, lesson, lection, lectern, lector: to speak, to read. idiolect, dialect, monologue, epilogue, apologue, apologue, prologue, dialog, dialogue, eulogy, apology: to speak, speech. legal, illegal, legislation, legitimate, privilege: law, collections of rules. select, elect, election, eclectic, eclecticism: to pick word $\rightarrow$ to select. colleague, relegate, delegate, legate: gather, together $\rightarrow$ designate, person designated. lex: words, picking words lexicon, lexicography, lexicographic, lexer. -logue/logos: words, discourse, statement. apologue, monologue, dialogue, dialog, apology, eulogy, prologue: statement, speech. logogriph, neologism: words. lec/log: $\rightarrow$ reason, understanding, computation. logic, logarithm, logarithmic, logistic, ideologue, intellect, intellectual, intelligence. -logy: a speaking, discourse, treatise, doctrine, theory, science. trilogy, biology, philology, tautology, anthology, methodology, ideology, trilogy, geology.
log: wood, felled
logging, logger, logged: to make wood fall.
backlog, log-jam: logged wood, wood pieces.
log: use a piece of wood and string knots to measure and record speed, thus log for data in sequence, knot for speed.
log, log-in, log-out, logger: record data.
lop: droop, hang loosely lobe, lopsided lap, flap: hanging skirt or flap of garment.
luna, lun-: moon Luna, lunar: related with moon, moon goddess. lune, lunate, lunette: crescent lunatic: insane, related with moon. lum, luc, lus, lux: light lumen, illuminate, luminescence, chemiluminescence, bioluminescence: light. Lucifer, lucid, translucent: full of light, easy for light to go through. luster, lustrous, lustry: with gloss and brightness. illustrious, luminary: clear, famous, known. illuminate, illumination, elucidate, elucidation: to make things clear. luxury, luxurious. *leuk-
noct-/nox: night $\rightarrow$ harmful. nocturnal, nocturn, noctidial, noctilucent: night, at night. noxious, nocuous, nociceptive: bad, harmful, painful
ob-: to, against, toward, direction. oblige, obliged, obligation: to force, duty. obstruct, obstruction, obstacle: to block, against. obstreperous, obsolete, obstinate, obtrude: stubborn, difficult to manage. object, objection, objective: to refuse and refute. observe, observance: to abide by something, go along. obtrude, oblique: stretching out to a direction. obsess, obsession, obsessive: forced to sit. obloquy, obnoxious: to express objection.
obe-: obey obey, obedient.
obese-: fatness obesity.
ped/pod: foot. biped, quadruped, tripod, centipede, millipede, hexapod, tetrapod, arthropod, brachiopod, gastropod, cheliped, octopus, isopod: animals with certain foot or moving methods. foot, fetter, unfettered, fetch: foot. antipodes, antipodal, antipode, pedal, pedestrian, pedicure, podiatry, podium, pedicle, peduncle, pedometer, pedology: feet, positions where feed step. impede, impeach, impediment: to progress, to walk freely. (impeach, also from ‘pet-‘) expedite, expedition: to run fast, hike. pedigree, pioneer, pilot, peon: abstract notions from traces. pejoration, pejorate, pejorative: make some thing progress to bad or worse. expediency, expedient, expeditiously: convenience, swiftness, quick and temporary fix peccatum: to walk and get tripped $\rightarrow$ make mistakes peccant, peccadillo, impeccable, peccable, peccavi: crimes, convict crimes. *ped-
per-: through; totally, completely; forth, forward; to try, risk. permanent, perpetual, persistent, persevere: hold with time persecute, persuade, permit, permission, pervade: push through perspective, perspire, pierce, permeate, permeative, penetrate: go through, thorough. perfect, perplex, perfidy, perjury, perfume, pernicious, pertain: total, complete. pervert, perform, percussion, perpendicular: forth, forward. experience, expert, experiment, empirical, peril, perilous, parlous, pirate: to try and take risk.
peri-: around, about, near; forward, in front of. perimeter, periphery, peripatetic: around a place. periorbital, pericardium, perianth: covering bones or membrane. period, periodical: time going around. periscope, periphrasis: to go round, indirectly. perigee, perihelion: close to a planet, near. perinatal: close to the time of delivery. pericope: abstract, chapter, forth contents.
por-: gate, door $\rightarrow$ to lead, pass over; forth, forward. porch, port, porter, portal, opportune, opportunity, disport(& sport), purport: door. portage, transport, export, import, deport, portable, passport, portfolio, report: carry over. portray, portrait, porrect(stretch out) portend, portent: forward. rapport, comport, support: compatible, forth.
pre-: to traffic, to sell $\rightarrow$ value; before, in advance. interpret: goods exchange $\rightarrow$ exchange depreciate, appreciate, appraise: evaluate the price for sale. precious, price, prize, premium: value, with value. preamble, prepense, prearrange, preteen…: before, in advance.
press/prim: to press, to strike press, pressure, impress, suppress, oppress, repress, compress, depress. print, imprint, imprimatur(print permit), pregnant.
pro-: forward; in advance, beforehand; chief, first; near, in front of, against. approximate, proximity, proximate, approach, proper: near, close, direct. protrude, protuberant, propose, propound, problem, approve, propel, proboscis, propensity, project, projectile, procumbent, prostrate, protect, proactive, prolong, protract, prorogue, prompt, impromptu, improvise, prostitute, procure, improve, prosper, prospective, progress, process, procedure, produce, promote, promiscuity, promiscuous, prominent, proficiency, proficient, profession, providence, prodigy: forth, push or stand forth, forward, make progress, with progress. prosecute, proscribe, deprive, expropriate: negative, cause loss (push against). propagate, proclaim, propaganda, procreate, progeny, progenitor, profligate, progesterone, prolix, prolific, promulgate, profound, prone: around, about, spread about, spread along. prophetic, prohibit, provide, prognosis, prologue, prophase, prodrome, provenance, prophylactic: in advance, beforehand. pronoun, proconsul: on behalf of, pronoun. pro-
prot: first, origin, in advance, developing forward; basic; prototype, protocol: origin, earliest. protein, proton: basic.
pur-： forward, before purblind: before blind, not totally. purport, pursue, purpose, purchase, purvey: in front of.
sed-: to sit seat, saddle, sedan: places to sit on. sediment, sedentary: keep still. reside, resident, residential: live, be inherent. dissident: to sit at a different spot. sedate, sedative, sedation: to calm. assiduous: continually present, incessant. cathedra, cathedral: seat of a bishop. insidious: to sit on, occupy, plot deceitful things. preside: have place of authority.